Pathophysiology I

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

• 3. Good health and well-being

Objectives

The subject of Pathophysiology I , together with II , belongs to the subject of Physiology, included in the Basic Training module of the degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics.

The objectives of the subject are:

• Know the alterations, disabilities and, especially, the physiopathological aspects that cause nutrition-related diseases in people.
• Familiarize yourself with the general methods of diagnosis.
• Know the medical and surgical treatments that are applied and the basis of this application.
• Understand and use scientific and medical terminology correctly.

Learning outcomes

• RA1. Review and learn about the structure and function of the human body from molecular levels to the different body systems at all stages of life.
• LO2. Explains and relates the most important physiopathological alterations of the different body systems and apparatus.
• LO3. Describe the pathophysiological aspects of diseases in relation to nutrition.
• LO4. Identifies and explains the main signs and symptoms of diseases using the terminology of the health sciences, as well as the main therapeutic approaches.
• LO5. Prepares written reports and documents (mainly of a technical nature) with spelling and grammar correction in Catalan and Spanish.
• LO6. Globally evaluates the learning processes in accordance with the planning and set objectives and establishes measures for individual improvement.
• LO7. Acquire and demonstrate advanced knowledge of the different theoretical and practical aspects and working methodology in the field of human nutrition and dietetics.

Skills

Specific skills

• Apply basic knowledge of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, biochemistry, biology, anthropology and psychology to human nutrition and dietetics.
• Combine basic knowledge of science and foodstuffs, considering bio-psycho-social aspects, in assessing the nutritional status and dietary and nutritional problems of healthy children, pregnant women, sportsmen and women, etc., and sick individuals.
• Design and implement feeding plans for individuals and groups, composed of both healthy children, pregnant women, sportsmen and women, etc., and sick individuals, with due consideration of different nutritional techniques and support products for use by dietitians and nutritionists.

Basic skills

• Students have demonstrated knowledge and understanding in a field of study that builds on general secondary education with the support of advanced textbooks and knowledge of the latest advances in this field of study.

Core skills

• Be a critical thinker before knowledge in all its dimensions. Show intellectual, cultural and scientific curiosity and a commitment to professional rigor and quality.
• Use oral, written and audiovisual forms of communication, in one's own language and in foreign languages, with a high standard of use, form and content.

Content

Module 1. Basic general pathophysiology

1. Introduction Concept of health and illness. Terminology Clinical history
2. Adaptation, injury and cell death
3. Pathophysiological bases of genetic diseases
4. Neoplasms (I). Biology and genetics of cancer: cellular transformation and oncogenes. Neoplasms (II). Risk factors. prevention
5. Changes in body temperature
6. Pathophysiology of the inflammatory response. Cell regeneration and healing
7. Pathophysiology of infectious disease
8. Pathophysiology of acute and chronic pain
9. burns
10. Physiopathology of aging

Module 2. Pathology of the endocrine system and metabolism

1. Hormonal physiology. Type and mechanism of action. Hormonal regulation. Hypo and hyperfunction
2. Pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
3. Thyroid pathology
4. Pathology of the adrenal glands
5. Pathology of gonadal hormones. Endocrine disruptors
6. Pathology of the parathyroids. Pathophysiology of calcium metabolism
7. Pathophysiology of carbohydrate metabolism: Diabetes mellitus
8. Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism. Hyperlipoproteinemias
9. Pathophysiology of protein metabolism. amyloidosis Hyperuricemia
10. obesity Metabolic syndrome
11. Congenital metabolopathies

Module 3. Clinical oncology

1. Clinical manifestations of the patient with cancer
2. Systematic study of the neoplastic patient. Histological types. TNM Stadiums Tumor markers. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Prognostic factors
3. Oncological therapeutics. General strategy Local treatment. (Surgery. Radiotherapy.) Systemic treatment. chemotherapy hormone therapy Immunotherapy
4. Nutritional alterations in the oncological patient

Module 4. Pathology of the cardiocirculatory system

1. Anatomophysiological record
2. Physiopathology of contractility. Heart failure
3. Pathophysiology of driving. Arrhythmias
4. Pathology of the pericardium, myocardium and endocardium. valvulopathies
5. Pathophysiology of the coronary circulation. Cardiovascular risk factors
6. Hypertensive disease
7. Acute circulatory failure. shock syncope
8. Arterial and venous pathophysiology

Module 5. Respiratory pathology

1. Anatomophysiological record
2. Respiratory failure
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
4. Bronchial asthma
5. Pneumonia
6. Pulmonary tuberculosis
7. Diffuse interstitial lung diseases
8. Lung cancer
9. Pleural pathology
10. Pulmonary thromboembolism

Module 6. Hematology

1. Pathophysiology of hematopoiesis
2. Pathophysiology of red blood cells
3. Pathophysiology of leukocytes and lymphocytes
4. Pathophysiology of hemostasis

Evaluation

According to the UVic-UCC Regulations, approved by the University's Board of Directors, there will only be one official call that will include two different evaluation periods:

• Ordinary period, which takes place during the academic period
• Complementary assessment period

ordinary period

Continuous evaluation of the activities carried out by the student through:

• 1st partial assessment (25% of the final grade of the subject / recoverable )
• 2nd partial assessment (25% of the final grade of the subject / recoverable )
• Attendance and participation in class (10% of the final grade of the subject / non-refundable )
• Resolution of clinical cases (40% of the final grade of the subject / non-recoverable )

The final mark of the subject will be the result of the weighting of the marks obtained in each of the parts and the subject is approved if a grade ≥5 is obtained. The average grade of the exams must be greater than 5 and no exam must have a grade below 4.5. Also, the recoverable activities must have a minimum grade of 5 to be able to make a weighted average.

Complementary assessment period

The student who does not pass some of the activities considered recoverable, will be able to recover them in this period. The assessment in this second period cannot account for more than 50% of the final grade of the subject.

The final grade in this period is obtained by making the weighted average of the grades obtained during the ordinary period and complementary assessment in those activities that have been recovered. The subject is passed if a grade ≥5 is obtained.

important

Plagiarism or copying someone else's work is penalized at all universities and, according to the Normes de Coexistence of the University of Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya , constitute serious or very serious offences. That is why in the course of this subject any indication of plagiarism or misappropriation of other people's texts or ideas ( What is considered plagiarism ) as well as the improper or undeclared use of Artificial Intelligence in a activity, automatically results in a suspension and/or other disciplinary measures.

To facilitate the appropriate citation of texts and materials, it is necessary to consult the guidelines and guidelines for academic citation available on the website of the UVic Library.

Methodology

• Theoretical classes: content presentation
• Resolution of clinical cases on the contents worked on in class
• Reading and analysis of articles

Bibliography

Key references

• Laso, FJ (2020). Introducción a la medicina clínica: Fisiopatologia y semiología (4 ed.). Elsevier.
• Pastrana Delgado J. (2023). Fisiopatología y patología general básica para ciencias de la salud (2 ed.). Elsevier.
• Port, C.M. (2019). Fisiopatología: Alteraciones de la salud. Conceptos básicos (10 ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Sisinio de Castro; J.L. Perez Arellano (2019). Manual de Patologia General: Sisinio de Castro (8 ed.). Elsevier.
• Tortora, GJ (2018). Principios de anatomía y fisiologia: Anatomía y Fisiología (15 ed.). Panamericana.

Further reading

Teachers will provide complementary bibliography and compulsory reading throughout the course via the Virtual Campus.