Physiotherapy of the Muscular-Skeletal System I

Other teachers

• Marc Vidal Falguera
• Ricard Castro Prat
• Anna Escribà Salvans

Objectives

This subject belongs to the subject of Assessment and Intervention in Alterations of the Musculoskeletal System.

It develops some of the basic aspects of kinesitherapy, which consists of treatment through movement, whether done by the subject himself or with the help of external agents. It works on the basic principles of manual therapy (simple and global mobilizations), the basic principles of therapeutic massage and stretching and muscle chains.

It is expected that the student will achieve the following objectives:

• Know the definition, history and generalities of kinesitherapy and simple and global passive joint mobilizations.
• Explain the mechanical and physiological principles of stretching and muscle chains on the musculoskeletal system.
• Explain the physiological and mechanical principles of massage and its action on the body.
• Know how to apply massage, stretching and passive mobilization maneuvers to different clinical situations.
• Observe and analyze posture in different clinical situations.

Learning outcomes

• LO1. Know the definition, history and generalities of cinesitérique.
• LO2. Describe the physiology of muscle and the different types of muscle contractions.
• LO3. Is able to determine the level of force that the muscle can develop.
• LO4. Explain the mechanical and physiological principles of muscle stretching.
• LO5. Describe in detail the different basic muscle stretching techniques.
• LO6. Appropriately apply basic muscle stretching techniques.
• LO7. Identify the indications, contraindications and precautions for muscle stretching.
• LO8. Describe the physiological and mechanical principles of massage and its action on the body.
• LO9. Describe in detail the different basic maneuvers used in massage.
• RA10. Apply the basic massage techniques properly.
• LO11. Identify the indications, contraindications and precautions of therapeutic massage.
• LO12. Shows skills for critical reflection in the resolution processes of clinical cases in the field of alterations of the musculoskeletal system.

Competencies

General skills

• Cater to the health needs of the population and meet professional challenges through an innovative and dynamic outlook.
• Demonstrate commitment to the profession and its values​​, seeking sustained improvements in practice and excellence in the care of individuals, families and the community.
• Interact with others with empathy, demonstrating interpersonal relationship skills.

Specific skills

• Act professionally in accordance with the values inherent to the profession, as stated in the ethical code of physiotherapy, respecting the legal framework and with a critical approach.
• Build and implement a physiotherapy intervention plan based on diagnosis, input from other professionals, available scientific evidence, and with the participation of the user/patient and their context, taking into account personal, relational and methodological aspects, and safety and efficiency.
• Collect, analyze and critically interpret relevant information on the user/patient and their context, within a biopsychosocial approach, to evaluate and make a clinical assessment of functional impairment, activity or participation.
• Communicate with patients/users, with significant others in their context or family, and with other professionals and managers. Use a register and channel of communication that is suited to their needs and characteristics, and the communicative context.
• Critically assess and reflect on the physiotherapy intervention plan and make adjustments as necessary based on dialogue with users/patients and on their context.
• Design, implement and evaluate risk prevention and health promotion actions that have an impact on factors determining health (lifestyle, social and community networks, work environment, etc.), on the basis of development, maintenance and improvement in activity and movement, within a biopsychosocial framework.
• Incorporate research and lifelong learning into professional practice through use of the best available evidence, formulating questions on the basis of one's own practice and informing and designing research projects.
• Make physiotherapy diagnoses based on analysis and critical interpretation of the relevant information and assessment, using internationally recognized classifications of functionality, disability and health, and clinical reasoning as a basis for decision making.
• Participate as a physiotherapist in an interdisciplinary context, coordinating with other professionals and routinely participating in work teams in practice.

Basic skills

• Students can apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and have competencies typically demonstrated through drafting and defending arguments and solving problems in their field of study.
• Students have demonstrated knowledge and understanding in a field of study that builds on general secondary education with the support of advanced textbooks and knowledge of the latest advances in this field of study.

Core skills

• Communicate orally, in writing and audiovisually, in one's own language and in foreign languages, with proficiency in form, content and use.
• Make use of professional skills in multidisciplinary, complex, networked environments, whether on-site or online.
• Reflect critically on knowledge of all kinds, with a commitment to professional rigor and quality.
• Take control of one's learning process with a view to personal and professional growth and an all-round education.

Content

Theoretical block

1. Cinematography
   1. Generalitats de cinesitería pia
   2. History of cinesitería pia
   3. Types of kinesiology
   4. Theory of passive joint mobilizations
2. Muscle stretching
   1. The myotendinous unit
   2. Effects of muscle stretching
   3. Objectives of muscle stretching
   4. Types of muscle stretching
   5. Indications and contraindications of muscle stretching
   6. Rules for applying muscle stretching
   7. Muscle chains and posture analysis
3. Massage therapy
   1. Definition of massage
   2. Types of basic maneuvers used in the application of the massage technique
   3. The skin
   4. Physiological effects of massage
   5. Ergonomics in the application of the massage technique
   6. Indications and contraindications of the massage technique
   7. Basic rules that must be respected in the application of the massage technique

Practical blog

1. Simple passive joint mobilizations of the main joints of the upper and lower limbs as a key element of functional recovery.Â
2. Analytical muscle stretching applied to different clinical situations.
3. Basic technique of therapeutic massage applied to different clinical situations.
4. Observation of posture and its relationship in different clinical situations.
5. Work on muscle chains and their postural relationship.

Evaluation

According to the Academic Regulations for undergraduate studies at UVic-UCC, there is only one official call for applications that provides for two different evaluation periods:

• Ordinary period, which takes place as part of the training process and within the school period.
• Complementary evaluation period, in which the student can be evaluated again for the tasks, activities or tests that he or she did not pass satisfactorily within the framework of the first period and that are retrievable.

1. Ordinary period

The evaluation is carried out through a continuous evaluation process that includes the following indicators:

• Written test of theoretical content (a multiple-choice exam and/or short-answer questions) 30% of the final grade of the subject / Recoverable
• Practical test: resolution of a clinical case (The student must demonstrate the contents and maneuvers of stretching, simple passive mobilizations and massage applied in a clinical case. 45% of the final grade of the subject / Recoverable
• Questionnaire resolution of scientific articles and theoretical content. 10% of the final grade of the subject / NOT recoverable.
• Preparation of a group work on a clinical case. 15% of the subject / NOT recoverable.
• Attendance and participation in the practical sessions is an indispensable condition to be evaluated in the ordinary period.

The final grade for the subject is the result of the weighting of the grades obtained in each of the parts and the subject is passed if a grade equal to or greater than 5 is obtained (the Recoverable activities must have a minimum grade of 5 to be able to make a weighted average.a)

If a minimum of 80% attendance is not met in the practical sessions, the practical assessment is considered not passed and therefore is suspended.

2. Complementary evaluation period

Students who do not pass some of the activities considered remediable must remediate them during this period. The evaluation of this second period cannot account for more than 50% of the final grade for the subject.

The final grade for this period is obtained by taking the weighted average of the grades obtained during the ordinary period and the complementary assessment in those activities that have been recovered and a grade higher than 4.5 has been obtained. The subject is passed if a grade equal to or higher than 5 is obtained.

Important

Plagiarism or copying of other people's work is penalized in all universities and, according to the Rules of Coexistence of the University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, constitutes serious or very serious misconduct. This is why, during the course of this subject, any indication of plagiarism or improper appropriation of texts or ideas from other people (whether authors, the Internet or classmates) What is considered plagiarism?As well as the improper or undeclared use of Artificial Intelligence in an activity, it automatically results in a suspension and/or other disciplinary measures. Coexistence Rules of the University of Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya).

To facilitate the appropriate citation of texts and materials, it is necessary to consult the academic citation guidelines and guidelines available on the UVic Library website.

Methodology

Face-to-face teaching-learning model

The in-person theoretical work sessions are held with the entire class group.

In the practical laboratory class sessions, the class group is divided into two/three subgroups in order to provide more personalized and direct attention to the student. These classes serve to acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to apply the various treatments of the musculoskeletal system.

Work is done on the resolution of clinical cases based on evidence and also on the reading and/or presentation of scientific articles related to the taught subject.

Bibliography

Key references

• Canamasas, S. (1993). Técnicas manuales: Masoterapia. Masson.
• Cassar, M. (2001). Manual de masaje terapéutico: Una guía completa dirigida al estudiante y al fisioterapeuta. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
• Esnault, M. (2001). Estiramientos analíticos en fisioteràpia. Masson.
• Fernández de las Peñas, C., Melián Ortiz, A. (2013). Cinesiterapia. Elsevier.
• Neiger, Henri (1998). Estiramientos analíticos manuales. Panamericana.

Further reading

Teachers will provide complementary bibliography and compulsory reading throughout the course via the Virtual Campus.