Anatomy II

Other teachers

• Mercè Oliver Torras
• Ramon Jolis Prat
• Josep Arimany González
• Núria Arquimbau Cano

Objectives

This subject and Anatomy I Together they form the subject Human Anatomy and provide knowledge about the main structures of the organism. No specific prior knowledge is required to take this subject.

The main objectives of the Anatomy II subject are for students to acquire:

• General knowledge of the structure of the musculoskeletal system and its functioning
• Basic knowledge about the structure of the peripheral nervous system and its functioning
• Basic knowledge about the bone structures and muscle groups of the upper and lower extremities, trunk and pelvis through different palpation maneuvers

Learning outcomes

• LO1. Identify and describe the anatomical structures of the human body that make up the musculoskeletal system and the peripheral nervous system.
• LO2. Correctly uses the terminology of the anatomical structures of the human body that make up the musculoskeletal system and the peripheral nervous system.
• LO3. Recognizes the bone structures and muscle groups of the upper and lower extremities, trunk and pelvis through different palpation maneuvers.
• LO4. Functionally and basically relate the bone structures and muscle groups of the upper and lower extremities, trunk and pelvis through different palpation maneuvers.
• LO5. Prepares and edits documents for the technical recognition of bone and muscular structures.

Competencies

Specific skills

• Collect, analyze and critically interpret relevant information on the user/patient and their context, within a biopsychosocial approach, to evaluate and make a clinical assessment of functional impairment, activity or participation.

Basic skills

• Students have demonstrated knowledge and understanding in a field of study that builds on general secondary education with the support of advanced textbooks and knowledge of the latest advances in this field of study.
• Students have developed the learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of independent learning.

Core skills

• Communicate orally, in writing and audiovisually, in one's own language and in foreign languages, with proficiency in form, content and use.

Content

I. Theoretical module. Topographic anatomy of the locomotor system (osteology, myology, peripheral nerves and vascularization)

1. Locomotor system
   1. Bone tissue. Generalities. Classification
   2. Articulation. Generalities. Classification
   3. The muscle. Generalities. Classification
   4. The shoulder girdle. Bone and joint structure. Shoulder girdle muscles
   5. The upper limb. Bone and joint structure. Musculature of the upper limb
   6. The pelvic girdle. Bone and joint structure. Pelvic muscles
   7. The lower limb. Bone and joint structure. Musculature of the lower limb
   8. the trunk Bony and articular structure of the rachis. The round box. Trunk and abdominal muscles
   9. the head Bone and joint structure. musculature
2. Introduction to the nervous system
   1. Protective structures of the central nervous system. Skull. Spinal column. Meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid
   2. Spinal cord. Microscopic anatomy. External structure
   3. Microscopic anatomy. Main ascending and descending pathways
   4. Brainstem. Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Nuclei of the cranial nerves and the brainstem. Nervous pathways
   5. Cerebellum. Macro and microscopic anatomy. Cortex. Nuclei. Cerebellar pathways
   6. Brain. Macro and microscopic anatomy. Cerebral cortex. Cerebral tracts. Basal nuclei. Diencephalon. Neuroendocrine system
   7. Vascular system of the central nervous system
   8. Autonomic or vegetative nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. Autonomous functions. Neurovegetative reflexes
   9. Peripheral nervous system. Structure and organization of the spinal nerves. Cervical, brachial and lumbosacral plexuses. Dermatome. Myotome
   10. Nervous transmission. Membrane and action potential. The synapse Neurotransmitters
   11. Neuromuscular transmission. Motor end plate. Motor unit. Muscle tone. Reflex arc

II. Practical module. Palpatory anatomy of the surface of the limbs, trunk and rachis

1. Introduction to bone and muscle palpation. Palpation maneuvers, sense of touch, perceptual training, approach to the bone segment for palpation
2. Bone palpation
   1. Shoulder girdle
   2. Elbow
   3. Wrist
   4. Hand
   5. Spine
   6. Anterior face of trunk
   7. Pelvis
   8. Hip and knee
   9. Leg
   10. Foot
3. Palpation of the soft parts
   1. Shoulder girdle
   2. Arm
   3. Forearm
   4. Wrist and hand
   5. Trunk
   6. Pelvis
   7. Hip and leg
   8. Knee
   9. Leg and foot

Evaluation

According to the Academic Regulations for undergraduate studies at UVic-UCC, there is only one official call for applications that provides for two different evaluation periods:

• Ordinary period, which takes place as part of the training process and during the school period.
• Complementary evaluation period, in which the student can be evaluated again for the tasks, activities or tests that he or she did not pass satisfactorily within the framework of the first period.

1. Ordinary period

Continuous evaluation of the activities carried out by the student is carried out through:

• Assessment in the form of 2 written tests (1st and 2nd partials): 50% of the final grade of the subject [25% of each partial]; recoverable
• Continuous evaluation of the practice of palpatory recognition: 20% of the final mark of the subject; recoverable
• Laboratory activities
  • Preparation of a clinical anatomy case with practical palpation maneuvers using SECTRA: 15% of the overall grade; non-retrievable
  • Participation, assistance and evaluation on site in the dissection seminars organized at the UVic-UCC Faculty of Medicine: 15% of the overall grade; non recoverable

The final grade for the subject is the result of the weighting of the grades obtained in each of the parts. The subject is passed if a grade equal to or greater than 5 is obtained. (The average grade of the exams must be greater than 5 and no exam must have a grade lower than 5. Likewise, in order to make a weighted average, the retrievable activities must have a minimum grade of 5.

If a minimum of 80% attendance in practical classes is not met, the continuous assessment is considered failed and, therefore, the subject is failed.

2. Complementary evaluation period

Students who do not pass some of the activities considered retakeable may make them up during this period. In this second period, the evaluation cannot account for more than 50% of the final grade for the subject.

The final grade in this period is obtained by taking the weighted average of the grades obtained during the ordinary period and in the complementary evaluation, in those activities that have been recovered with a minimum grade of 4.5. The subject is passed if a grade equal to or greater than 5 is obtained.

Important

Plagiarism or copying someone else's work is penalized in all universities and, according to the UVic-UCC coexistence rules, constitute serious or very serious faults. Therefore, during the course of this subject, plagiarism or the improper appropriation of texts or ideas from other people (see What is considered plagiarism?) and the improper or undeclared use of artificial intelligence in an activity automatically result in suspension or other disciplinary measures.

To cite texts and materials appropriately, you must consult the academic citation guidelines and guidelines available on the UVic Library website.

Methodology

The subject is organized through:

• Masterclass sessions presenting theoretical content with the class group
• Laboratory practices with small groups
• Anatomical study through clinical cases using the SECTRA platform in relation to practices
• Dissection seminars at the Faculty of Medicine

Bibliography

Key references

• Netter, F.H. (2007). Atlas de anatomía humana (4 ed.). Elsevier-Masson.
• Paulsen, F. Waschke J. (2012). Sobotta. Atlas de anatomía humana (23 ed.). Elsevier.
• Santos Guzmán López, Rodrigo E. Elizondo-Omaña (2022). Anatomía Humana en Casos Clínicos (5 ed.). Medica Panamericana.
• Tixa, Serge (2014). Atlas de anatomía palpatoria. Tomo 1. Cuello, tronco y miembro superior (3 ed.). Masson, cop.
• Tixa, Serge (2014). Atlas de anatomia palpatoria. Tomo 2. Miembro inferior (3 ed.). Masson, cop.

Further reading

Teachers will provide complementary bibliography and compulsory reading throughout the course via the Virtual Campus.